The area inside the 1260m contour should have an elevation greater than 1240m and less then 1260m. The image with the three closed hachured contours represents a depression the elevation decreases towards the middle. Such contours are called hachured contour lines (also seen written as hatchured) or depression contour lines. There are small tick marks or hachures on these contour lines pointing towards lower elevation. In such cases the inner circles have a higher elevation than their outer surrounding.Ī depression is represented by a series of concentric closed contours with the inner contours having lower elevation than their outer surrounding. irregular circles) are used to represent hills, mountain summits, knolls, horns, etc. Examples of depressions include volcanic craters, sinkholes, pit craters, and impact craters.Īs we've seen, a series of concentric closed contours (i.e. Contours are closest or touching on the steepest part of the cliffs.Īttributions for "cliff" Google Earth sattelite images: ©2010 Google Image © 2010 Europa Technologies Image © 2010 IMTCANĪ depression is a low point in the ground which is surrounded by higher ground in all directions. The two pictures to the right show top view of the peaks with north pointing up. In the picture above we are looking at rock faces of two peaks from northeast. For exmaple a 15m cliff band may not be detected on a topo map with a 40m contour interval. In the case of an overhanging cliff or a cave, the contour lines would intersect each other, that is at the same location on earth's surface we need to indicate two different elevations in such cases the lower elevation contours are drawn by dashed lines.Īlso note that if a feature such as a small cliff is shorter than the contour interval, then it may not show up on the map. Cliffs are represented by very close (or sometimes touching) contour lines. Streams originating from high ground on either side of the pass flow into these drainages.Īttributions for "mountain pass" Google Earth images: ©2010 Google ©2010 Cnes/Spot Image Image © 2010 Province of British Columbia Cliff Contour LinesĪ cliff is a very steep, vertical or overhanging rock face. It also divides the two valleys or drainages located to the top and bottom side of the photo. In the following images and the topo map (1:20000), the pass is located between two peaks with its lowest point at an elevation of 2125m. It is formed by headward erosion of two glacier cirques towards each other which carve a gap in an arete. It's also defined as a gap or a dip in a ridge crest.Īlternative names include saddle, gap, notch and col.Ī col is a saddle-like gap in an arete. Both Nanga Parbat and Great Trango are located in Pakistan.Home > Education > Mountain Pass, Cliff, Depression - Contours Mountain Pass, Cliff, Depression and Contour Linesīy using Geokov map maker, take a virtual field-trip to explore landforms and terrain features on topographic map and Google Earth – Example video: Mountain Pass - Col - Saddle Contour LinesĪ mountain pass is a low point between two areas of higher elevation. Others say the highest cliff in the world is the east face of Great Trango, in the Karakoram mountain range, which is 1,340 meters (4,396 feet) tall and one of the most difficult rock-climbs in the world. The Rupal Flank rises 4,600 meters (15,092 feet) above its base. Most scientists and mountaineers think the Rupal Flank of Nanga Parbat, a mountain in the Himalayas, is the highest cliff in the world. Some scree slopes can be so large that soil and sediment can build up between the rocks, allowing trees and other vegetation to grow on the slope. These piles are called scree slopes or talus piles. Scree builds up at the bottom of many inland cliffs as rocks tumble down. Larger rocks broken off by sediment are called scree or talus. ![]() On inland cliffs, sediment is often carried away by rivers or winds. On sea cliffs, sediment becomes part of the seafloor and is washed away with the waves. Erosion is the process of transportation of this sediment. ![]() The tiny pieces of rocks broken off by weathering are called sediment or alluvium. In coastal areas, strong winds and powerful waves break off soft or grainy rocks from hardier rocks. Weathering happens when natural events, like wind or rain, break up pieces of rock. Cliffs are usually formed because of processes called erosion and weathering. ![]() ![]() They can form near the ocean (sea cliffs), high in mountains, or as the walls of canyons and valleys. Cliffs are very common landscape features. A cliff is a mass of rock that rises very high and is almost vertical, or straight up-and-down.
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